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Data study

What 5,600 Copilot citations to an 86-post blog look like

A guide we published on 2 August had no recorded citation from Microsoft Copilot in the 42 days that followed (Bing reported on 34 of them). Then it was cited 254 times in 33 days, 216 of them in 17. It is one of 26 posts, out of 86 on the blog, that Bing Webmaster Tools recorded citations for between 17 July and 15 October 2026, in a report Bing calls a sample. Those 5,608 citations went 79% to two pages, and the weekly total barely moved while the pages under it started, peaked and stopped.

One small site, one report, one family of surfaces: a case to learn from, not a benchmark.

Where the data comes from

Bing Webmaster Tools' AI Performance report counts citations from what Bing groups as Microsoft Copilot and partner surfaces; we write Copilot for short. We read its rolling three-month view once, on 17 October 2026, covering 17 July to 15 October (91 days, 13 weeks), after a totals-only read on 3 October. It gives a daily series, a table of citations by page, and the grounding queries (Bing's term for the searches an answer was built from); clicking a page row filters the chart to that page, which is where the per-page series come from. We captured all 27 cited URLs. One is an old slug for a post already in the list, so 26 distinct posts were cited and 60 were not. Download the data: daily series and per-post table.

Bing labels the report "a sample of overall activity", so every count below is a count of the sample. What it cannot show:

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Finding 1: a page can sit at zero for six weeks and then surge

Four pages, four different citation paths, 17 July to 15 October 2026 Four daily bar charts from the Bing per-page view. best-aeo-geo-tools: first recorded 7 August, the first day after a reporting gap, then 331 to 512 a week from late August, peak day 158 on 15 October. profound-alternatives: 589 of its 956 citations fell between 12 and 20 August, peak 119 on 20 August, never above 20 a day afterwards. how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency: published 2 August, nothing until 13 September, then 216 citations from 29 September. ai-search-visibility-norway: published 24 July, cited the next day, 140 citations between 8 and 29 September, none after 29 September. Four pages, four different citation paths Citations per day from Bing's per-page view, 17 July to 15 October 2026. Note the different scales. best-aeo-geo-tools 3,493 published 1 Jul, before the window; first recorded 7 Aug 160 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 profound-alternatives 956 published 1 Jul; 589 of 956 came in 12 to 20 Aug 120 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency 254 published 2 Aug; first citation 13 Sep 30 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 ai-search-visibility-norway 207 published 24 Jul; none since 29 Sep 20 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 Bing reporting gap publish date (when inside the window) Source: Bing Webmaster Tools, AI Performance, per-page view, read 17 Oct 2026. Bing calls the report a sample.
Four pages, four different citation paths, 17 July to 15 October 2026 Four daily bar charts from the Bing per-page view. best-aeo-geo-tools: first recorded 7 August, the first day after a reporting gap, then 331 to 512 a week from late August, peak day 158 on 15 October. profound-alternatives: 589 of its 956 citations fell between 12 and 20 August, peak 119 on 20 August, never above 20 a day afterwards. how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency: published 2 August, nothing until 13 September, then 216 citations from 29 September. ai-search-visibility-norway: published 24 July, cited the next day, 140 citations between 8 and 29 September, none after 29 September. Four pages, four citation paths Citations per day, 17 Jul to 15 Oct 2026. Scales differ. best-aeo-geo-tools 3,493 published 1 Jul; first recorded 7 Aug 160 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 profound-alternatives 956 published 1 Jul; 589 of 956 in 12 to 20 Aug 120 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency 254 published 2 Aug; first citation 13 Sep 30 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 ai-search-visibility-norway 207 published 24 Jul; none since 29 Sep 20 0 Jul 20 Aug 31 Oct 12 Bing reporting gap publish date (inside the window) Source: Bing Webmaster Tools, AI Performance, per-page view, read 17 Oct 2026. Bing calls the report a sample.
Citations per day for four pages, from Bing's per-page view, 17 July to 15 October 2026. The scales differ.

The agency-selection guide, published 2 August, had no recorded citation in the 42 days after publication, 34 of which Bing reported on. From 13 September it picked up 38 in 16 days, then 216 in the 17 days from 29 September, cited on 16 of them. By 17 October it was the site's third most-cited page, with 254.

It was not alone in starting late. Twenty of the 26 cited posts were published inside the window, so the lag to first recorded citation is observable: 1, 2, 5, 9, 9, 14, 19, 19, 21, 21, 42, 44, 45, 46, 46, 59, 60, 64, 66 and 81 days, median 31.5. Ten were first cited within three weeks and ten waited six weeks or more, with nothing between. Two cautions: these are the survivors (60 posts had no citation at all in the sample, 14 of them under three weeks old on 15 October, and a post published after early September cannot yet show a long lag), and most late starters have one to five citations in total, so their first citation is a single appearance. The six posts published before the window were first cited between 23 July and 1 October.

The half-life studies discussed below start their clocks at a page's first citation or its peak, so a six-week wait before the first citation is outside what they measure.

Finding 2: two pages took 79% of the citations

Citations by page: two pages hold 79 percent Horizontal bars of citations over 13 weeks. best-aeo-geo-tools 3,493; profound-alternatives 956; how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency 254; ai-search-visibility-norway 207; four pages between 43 and 59; the other 17 URLs Bing lists total 122 together; two further URLs with 1 citation each are not drawn. The top two pages hold 4,449 of the 5,608 citations in the daily series. Two pages hold 79% of all citations Citations by URL over 13 weeks. 27 URLs were cited; Bing lists the top 25. best-aeo-geo-tools 3,493 profound-alternatives 956 how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency 254 ai-search-visibility-norway 207 structure-page-ai-quotes-verbatim 59 brand-mentions-vs-backlinks-ai 48 how-to-rank-in-chatgpt 44 ai-visibility-citation-cliff 43 17 other URLs listed by Bing 122 Top 2 pages 4,449 of 5,608 citations in the daily series (79%; 85% of the by-page sum) All 27 per-page series sum to 5,228, 380 fewer than the daily series. Bing: totals may differ when filters apply. Two further URLs, with 1 citation each, are not drawn. Bing shows the top page as 3.5K; its series sums to 3,493. Source: Bing Webmaster Tools, AI Performance, read 17 Oct 2026. A sample, per Bing.
Citations by page: two pages hold 79 percent Horizontal bars of citations over 13 weeks. best-aeo-geo-tools 3,493; profound-alternatives 956; how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency 254; ai-search-visibility-norway 207; four pages between 43 and 59; the other 17 URLs Bing lists total 122 together; two further URLs with 1 citation each are not drawn. The top two pages hold 4,449 of the 5,608 citations in the daily series. Two pages hold 79% of all citations Citations by URL over 13 weeks. 27 URLs were cited. best-aeo-geo-tools 3,493 profound-alternatives 956 how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency 254 ai-search-visibility-norway 207 structure-page-ai-quotes-verbatim 59 brand-mentions-vs-backlinks-ai 48 how-to-rank-in-chatgpt 44 ai-visibility-citation-cliff 43 17 other URLs listed by Bing 122 Top 2 pages: 4,449 of 5,608 citations in the daily series (79%; 85% of the by-page sum). Two further URLs, 1 citation each, not drawn. Source: Bing Webmaster Tools, AI Performance, read 17 Oct 2026. A sample, per Bing.
Citations by page, 17 July to 15 October 2026. Source: Bing Webmaster Tools AI Performance, read 17 October 2026 (a sample, per Bing).

Of 5,608 citations, 4,449 went to two pages: a "best tools" comparison (3,493) and an alternatives guide (956). That is 79% of the daily total and 85% of the by-page sum. Thirteen of the 27 URLs got five or fewer citations in 13 weeks and 14 were cited on a single day.

Finding 3: the weekly total was steady while the pages under it moved

Copilot citations of stellarcast.ai per week, 20 July to 15 October 2026 Weekly citations from Bing Webmaster Tools AI Performance: 49, 0 reported, 110, 564, 567, 656, 576, 535, 501, 502, 555, 540, and 453 for a final week of four days. The eight weeks with no reporting gaps ran between 501 and 656. The first three weeks and the weeks touched by gaps are drawn in gray. Copilot citations per week held between 501 and 656 stellarcast.ai, weeks starting 20 July to 12 October 2026. Eight of nine weeks from 10 August had no gap days. 0 200 400 600 49 Jul 20 none reported Jul 27 110 Aug 3 564 Aug 10 567 Aug 17 656 Aug 24 576 Aug 31 535 Sep 7 501 Sep 14 502 Sep 21 555 Sep 28 540 Oct 5 453 Oct 12 4 days Week with no gap days Partial week or touched by a gap Range of the 8 full weeks: 501 to 656 Source: Bing Webmaster Tools, AI Performance, read 17 Oct 2026. A sample, per Bing.
Copilot citations of stellarcast.ai per week, 20 July to 15 October 2026 Weekly citations from Bing Webmaster Tools AI Performance: 49, 0 reported, 110, 564, 567, 656, 576, 535, 501, 502, 555, 540, and 453 for a final week of four days. The eight weeks with no reporting gaps ran between 501 and 656. The first three weeks and the weeks touched by gaps are drawn in gray. Copilot citations per week held between 501 and 656 Weeks starting 20 July to 12 October 2026 Jul 20 49 Jul 27 none reported Aug 3 110 Aug 10 564 Aug 17 567 Aug 24 656 Aug 31 576 Sep 7 535 Sep 14 501 Sep 21 502 Sep 28 555 Oct 5 540 Oct 12 453 (4 days) Week with no gap days Partial week or touched by a gap Source: Bing Webmaster Tools, AI Performance, read 17 Oct 2026. A sample, per Bing.
Copilot citations per week, weeks starting 20 July to 12 October 2026. Gray bars are partial weeks or weeks touched by a reporting gap.

Eight gap-free full weeks between 10 August and 11 October ran between 501 and 656 citations, mean 554, coefficient of variation 8.9% (the week of 17 August, 567 with three gap days, is excluded, and the final four-day week, 453, is not a full week). The flatness is partly a matter of which days are in: 13 to 20 August averaged 128 citations a day, September 75. Daily counts from 24 August ranged from 22 to 175 (median 70, coefficient of variation 43%).

The per-page series show what the flat line was made of:

A steady total in a sample is not proof of a steady Copilot; Bing's sampling could be doing some of the smoothing, and that ceiling applies to every count here.

What we think it means

This section is interpretation, not measurement.

How this relates to the half-life studies

Scrunch, with Stacker, reports that cohorts of sources that appeared in a given week lost half their citations in about 4.5 weeks (3.5 million citation events, September 2025 to March 2026, five engines not including Copilot). Profound reports that the median page falls to half its peak citation share within 11 days of peaking (883,000 pages, seven engines including Copilot, September 2025 to September 2026). Both are summarized in our citation decay guide.

We did not compute a half-life, and our numbers are not comparable: Profound measures share and Scrunch a cohort's citation activity, both across many sites; we have raw counts for one site in a sample. What we can say is that our pages do not share one shape: one burst and faded, one has held a weekly band for seven weeks, one stopped after nine weeks, one started after six. That is an illustration, not a rate, and consistent with both studies' point: a per-page citation number is a snapshot.

How to measure your own

  1. Verify your site in Bing Webmaster Tools, open AI Performance, and copy the daily series and page table somewhere you own; the rolling three-month window drops older days.
  2. Click each page row that matters. The filtered chart is that page's daily series; it lists only days with citations, so write in the zeros and mark known gaps.
  3. Compute days from publish to first citation, the peak day, and the share of the total that came in the best week, and record the date you read it. Our 3 October read showed the Norway page at 207; on 17 October it had stopped.

Our earlier Copilot case study covers what the cited pages have in common. These numbers are from a read on 17 October 2026 and we will refresh them.

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Stellarcast monitors whether your brand is named and cited across ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Copilot, Google AI Overviews and AI Mode, diagnoses why competitors win the prompts you don't, helps you fix it, then proves the lift. Request a free audit to see where you stand.

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Frequently asked questions

Does Bing show Copilot citations per page over time?

Yes. In Bing Webmaster Tools' AI Performance report, clicking a page row filters the chart to that page's daily citations and lists its grounding queries. The table shows only days with citations, so the zeros have to be written in.

How long after publishing did Copilot first cite a page?

Across the 20 posts published inside our 13-week window that were cited at all, between 1 and 81 days, median 31.5. Ten were first cited within three weeks and ten waited six weeks or more. Sixty of the blog's 86 posts had no recorded citation, so this describes the survivors, on one site, in a sample.

How concentrated were the citations?

Two pages held 79% of the 5,608 citations in the daily series. Sixty of the blog's 86 posts, 14 of them under three weeks old at the end of the window, had no recorded citation, and 14 of the cited URLs were cited on a single day.

Did you measure citation half-life?

No. We have daily counts per page for one site in a sample, not citation share across engines, so our numbers are not comparable with the Scrunch and Profound studies. Our pages did not share one shape: one burst and faded, one held a weekly band for seven weeks, one stopped, one started late.

Claims ledger: every number above, where it comes from, and whether it is measured or derived
Number or claimSourceStatus
5,608 citations, 17 Jul to 15 Oct; 91 days, 13 weeksdaily series (data.csv), summed; report header "5.6K"Measured (sample)
20 zero days; 27 Jul to 6 Aug (11 days) and 21 to 23 Aug treated as gaps; "76, gap, 50"daily series (data.csv); per-page best-aeo-geo-tools 20 Aug 76, 24 Aug 50Measured zeros; gap reading inferred
27 URLs captured; 26 distinct posts; 60 of 86 uncited, 14 of them under three weeks old on 15 Oct; 46 of the 71 posts at least six weeks old uncitedPer-page series; the site's redirect rules (measure-brand-visibility-in-ai-answers 301s to measure-ai-share-of-voice, in the list; llmo-vs-geo-vs-aeo 301s to geo-vs-aeo-vs-llmo, not otherwise in the list, so counted as that post); posts.csv (datePublished of all 86 posts)Measured; age counts derived
Agency guide: published 2 Aug; first cited 13 Sep (42 days, 8 of them gap days, 34 reported); 254 in the 33 days 13 Sep to 15 Oct; 38 in 13 to 28 Sep (16 days); 216 in 29 Sep to 15 Oct (17 days, cited on 16); third most citedPer-page how-to-choose-an-aeo-agency; JSON-LD datePublished; by-page listDerived
Ramps for 20 in-window posts: 1, 2, 5, 9, 9, 14, 19, 19, 21, 21, 42, 44, 45, 46, 46, 59, 60, 64, 66, 81; median 31.5; 10 within 21 days, 10 at 42 or moreFirst row of each per-page series against JSON-LD datePublished; the old-slug duplicate excluded; posts.csvDerived; survivors only
Most late starters have 1 to 5 citationsPer-page series: 8 of the 10 posts at 42 days or moreDerived
Six pre-window posts first cited 23 Jul to 1 Oct (what-is-aeo 23 Jul, alternatives 24 Jul, best-tools 7 Aug, how-to-rank 10 Aug, citation-cliff 17 Aug, geo-vs-aeo-vs-llmo via its old slug 1 Oct); site zero 17 to 22 JulPer-page series; daily seriesMeasured; first in-window citation only
4,449 to two pages (3,493 + 956); 79% of 5,608; 85% of 5,228Per-page best-aeo-geo-tools sum (Bing's list shows "3.5K"); by-page listMeasured; shares derived
Per-page series sum 5,228; 380 fewer than the daily seriesSum of all 27 series; 5,608 minus 5,228Derived; Bing notes filtered totals may differ
25 of 27 listed; two unlisted with 1 each; 13 with 5 or fewer; 14 cited on one dayBy-page list; page 2 of the list read 17 Oct; per-page seriesMeasured list; counts derived
Eight gap-free full weeks 10 Aug to 11 Oct; 501 to 656; mean 554; CV 8.9%; week of 17 Aug 567 with 3 gap days excluded; week of 12 Oct is 4 days (453)Weekly sums recomputed from the daily series (Monday-start weeks)Derived
13 to 20 Aug 128 a day; September 75 a dayDaily seriesDerived
Daily 24 Aug to 15 Oct: 22 to 175, median 70, CV 43% (sample SD; 42% population)data.csvDerived
Best-tools: first recorded 7 Aug (first day after the gap); 331 to 512 a week (full weeks 24 Aug to 5 Oct); 63% to 78% of site weekly; 158 on 15 OctPer-page best-aeo-geo-tools; weekly site sumsDerived
Alternatives guide: 589 of 956 (62%) in 12 to 20 Aug; peak 119 on 20 Aug, last day before the 21 to 23 Aug gap; 27 cited days of the 56 after (53 reported); max 20Per-page profound-alternativesDerived
Norway guide: published 24 Jul; cited 25 Jul; 140 of 207 in 8 to 29 Sep; 0 on the 16 days afterPer-page ai-search-visibility-norway (first September row is 2 Sep; the 140 span starts at the 8 Sep row); JSON-LDDerived
Agency and Norway pages not edited after publication; older pages undeterminedJSON-LD: agency datePublished = dateModified = 2 Aug; Norway both 24 Jul; posts.csv. dateModified keeps only the latest editMeasured for the two; hedged for the rest
"Seven weeks" band (best-tools), "nine weeks" (Norway, 25 Jul to 29 Sep), "started after six" (agency)Per-page seriesDerived
3 Oct reading: Norway 2073 October readingMeasured (two readings)
"A sample of overall activity"; "Chart totals and table results may differ when filters are applied"Bing's footnote; per-page section headerMeasured (Bing's wording)
Scrunch and Stacker: about 4.5 weeks; cohorts of sources that appeared in a given week; 3.5 million citation events; Sep 2025 to Mar 2026; ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, AI Mode, Geminiscrunch.com/blog/half-life-of-ai-citations, fetched 2026-10-17Reported by others, verified against primary
"5,600" in the title; "79%"; "62%"; "5 weeks" of publication for best-tools (37 days)Rounding of 5,608; 79.3%; 61.6%; 37 / 7Derived
86 posts on the blogposts.csv (every post's datePublished, counted 2026-10-17)Measured
Profound: median 11 days from peak to half of peak share; 883,000 pages; seven engines including Copilot; 2025-09-08 to 2026-09-08tryprofound.com/blog/the-half-life-of-an-ai-citation-is-11-days, fetched 2026-10-17Reported by others, verified against primary

"Measured" is a count read from the report. "Derived" is arithmetic on measured values. Coefficients of variation use the sample standard deviation. Bing describes the whole report as a sample of overall activity. The daily series and all 27 per-page series are in data.csv; every post's publish date, first and last citation and total are in posts.csv.